K\u0159emenn\u00fd materi\u00e1l (SiO\u2082) je na prvn\u00ed pohled velmi podobn\u00fd sklu, ale zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed je, \u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 sklo se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z mnoha slo\u017eek (nap\u0159. k\u0159emenn\u00fd p\u00edsek, borax, kyselina borit\u00e1, baryt, uhli\u010ditan barnat\u00fd, v\u00e1penec, \u017eivec, uhli\u010ditan sodn\u00fd atd.). slo\u017een\u00ed, zat\u00edmco k\u0159emen obsahuje pouze SiO\u2082 a jeho mikrostruktura je jednoduch\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 slo\u017een\u00e1 z k\u0159emenn\u00fdch tetraedrick\u00fdch strukturn\u00edch jednotek. proto\u017ee mno\u017estv\u00ed kovov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs\u00ed obsa\u017een\u00fdch v k\u0159emeni je velmi mal\u00e9 a jeho vlastn\u00ed \u010distota je extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysok\u00e1, m\u00e1 k\u0159emen s\u00e1m o sob\u011b vlastnosti a v\u00fdhody, kter\u00e9 jin\u00e9 sklo nem\u016f\u017ee vykazovat, a je zn\u00e1m jako \"koruna\" ve skl\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech. Nap\u0159\u00edklad z hlediska tepeln\u00e9 odolnosti k\u0159emen nepraskne, ani kdy\u017e je ihned po sp\u00e1len\u00ed v ohni vlo\u017een do vody, zat\u00edmco oby\u010dejn\u00e9 sklo po sp\u00e1len\u00ed do \u010dervena ve vod\u011b nepraskne, ale roztrhne se, jakmile je sp\u00e1leno. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhody jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:
1. Odolnost v\u016f\u010di vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m. Teplota bodu m\u011bknut\u00ed k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1730 \u2103, lze jej dlouhodob\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat p\u0159i teplot\u011b 1150 \u2103 a nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplota m\u016f\u017ee v kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 dob\u011b dos\u00e1hnout 1450 \u2103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Odolnost proti korozi. S v\u00fdjimkou kyseliny fluorovod\u00edkov\u00e9 nem\u00e1 vysoce \u010dist\u00fd k\u0159emen t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dnou chemickou reakci s jin\u00fdmi kyselinami. P\u0159i vysok\u00e9 teplot\u011b je odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di p\u016fsoben\u00ed kyseliny s\u00edrov\u00e9, dusi\u010dn\u00e9, chlorovod\u00edkov\u00e9, aqua regia, neutr\u00e1ln\u00edch sol\u00ed, uhl\u00edku a s\u00edry. Jeho odolnost v\u016f\u010di kyselin\u00e1m je 30kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u keramiky a 150kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u nerezov\u00e9 oceli, zejm\u00e9na jeho chemick\u00e1 stabilita p\u0159i vysok\u00e9 teplot\u011b, kter\u00e1 je nesrovnateln\u00e1 s \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm jin\u00fdm technick\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Dobr\u00e1 tepeln\u00e1 stabilita. Koeficient tepeln\u00e9 rozta\u017enosti vysoce \u010dist\u00e9ho k\u0159emene je extr\u00e9mn\u011b mal\u00fd a odol\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00fdm teplotn\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m. Vysoce \u010dist\u00fd k\u0159emen se zah\u0159eje na teplotu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1100 \u2103 a nepraskne ve vod\u011b o b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 teplot\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. Dobr\u00e1 propustnost sv\u011btla. Vysoce \u010dist\u00fd k\u0159emen m\u00e1 dobrou propustnost sv\u011btla v cel\u00e9m spektr\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u00e1smu od ultrafialov\u00e9ho po infra\u010derven\u00e9 a propustnost viditeln\u00e9ho sv\u011btla je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 93%, zejm\u00e9na v ultrafialov\u00e9 spektr\u00e1ln\u00ed oblasti m\u016f\u017ee maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed propustnost dos\u00e1hnout v\u00edce ne\u017e 80%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5. Dobr\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti. Hodnota odporu vysoce \u010dist\u00e9ho k\u0159emene je 10 000kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla. Je to vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed elektroizola\u010dn\u00ed materi\u00e1l a m\u00e1 dobr\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti i p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00edky t\u011bmto vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edm a chemick\u00fdm vlastnostem se k\u0159emenn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly s vysokou \u010distotou \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v modern\u00edch elektronick\u00fdch technologi\u00edch, polovodi\u010d\u00edch, komunikac\u00edch, elektrick\u00fdch sv\u011bteln\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch, sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energii, vysoce p\u0159esn\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u00edch pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed obranu, laboratorn\u00edch fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch a chemick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u00edch, jadern\u00e9 energetice, nanopr\u016fmyslu atd. Zejm\u00e9na v rychle se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edm polovodi\u010dov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu se zv\u011bt\u0161uje velikost k\u0159em\u00edkov\u00fdch desti\u010dek, tak\u017ee v\u00fdrobci \u010dip\u016f zv\u00fd\u0161ili popt\u00e1vku po r\u016fzn\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stk\u00e1ch z k\u0159emene. Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba tak\u00e9 poznamenat, \u017ee aby se zabr\u00e1nilo kontaminaci b\u011bhem zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt b\u011bhem pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zaji\u0161t\u011bna vysok\u00e1 \u010distota k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Quartz (SiO\u2082) material is very similar to glass at first glance, but what is more special is that ordinary glass […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Quartz Glass Products Advantages","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-378","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/exactquartz.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/378","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/exactquartz.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/exactquartz.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exactquartz.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exactquartz.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=378"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/exactquartz.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/378\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":381,"href":"https:\/\/exactquartz.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/378\/revisions\/381"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/exactquartz.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=378"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exactquartz.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=378"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exactquartz.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=378"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}